"As China's export juggernaut employs many imported inputs, there are many policy questions for which it is crucial to …/tax-favored processing exports such as China, Mexico, and Vietnam. We develop a general formula for computing domestic and foreign contents … content in China's exports is at about 50%, almost twice the estimate given by the HIY formula. There are also interesting …

"Each of the world's largest retailers---Walmart, Carrefour, Tesco, and Metro---entered China after 1995. Their … subsequent expansion in China may have influenced Chinese exports through two channels. First, they may have enhanced bilateral …