"We develop a framework that may be used to determine the degree to which a school choice program may harm public … school stayers by luring the best students to other schools. This framework results in a simple formula showing that the … "cream-skimming" effect is increasing in the degree of heterogeneity within schools, the school choice takeup rate of strong …

This paper presents a productivity argument for investing in disadvantaged young children. For such investment, there …

before children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly … children enter school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting … linked to inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when …