interest group's campaign contributions to politicians. We uncover a robust hump-shaped relationship between the voting share … estimates of electoral uncertainty and politicians effectiveness as perceived by the interest groups. Our approach also …

campaign finance systems are considered: a full anonymity (FA) system in which neither the politicians nor the voters are … informed about the donors' ideal policies or levels of donations; a partial anonymity (PA) system in which only the politicians … which both the politicians and the voters are informed about the donors' ideal policies and donations. We find that donors …