. Those treated by physicians from the higher-ranked institution have 10-25% shorter and less expensive stays than patients … are precise. Procedure differences across the teams are consistent with the ability of physicians in the lower …-ranked institution to substitute time and diagnostic tests for the faster judgments of physicians from the top-ranked institution …

HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher … copayments for physicians and prescription drugs. These offset effects are concentrated in patients for whom medical care is … HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher …