the differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated …This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account features that have … suggest a new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a …

This paper examines a broad range of opportunities for addressing the pressing human development needs of low-income … health and education by new oil and gas revenues, and what other uses of those revenues are likely to arise. The paper argues …