wage employment probability differential suggests that the possibility of gender discrimination against women in urban … probit model to analyse gender differences in labour force participation and gender bias in formal wage employment in urban … likely to get formal wage employment, suggesting the existence of gender bias in the labour market in urban areas of Tanzania …

This paper investigates the evolution of the gender wage gap in South Africa, using the 1993-2015 Post-Apartheid Labour …-paying industries However, the median gender wage gap is substantial at 23-35 per cent. This is unexplained by differences in human … discrimination. …

sustained or significant desegregation. Occupations remain highly segmented by race, with blacks disproportionally holding low …

face greater discrimination. …

Racial wage inequality and discrimination have pervaded South African society for centuries. Apartheid legislation … decomposition methodology that tracks changes in the discrimination component of the wage gap over time. It accounts for biases … shows that 2003 was a turning point, when black-white discrimination started to decline continuously thereafter. The …

Inequality in South Africa is the enduring legacy of racial discrimination. We use a dynamic perspective to show the … linkages between persistent effects of discrimination in the labour market and the efficacy of redistributive fiscal policy in …

cent of the total wage variance, 60 per cent of the gender wage gap, and 40 per cent of the gap between workers in the … the monopsony model in explaining these results. Differences in labour supply elasticities across gender and income groups …

groups in many societies. Group-based discrimination, among other factors, contributes. The paper further explores empirical …

Across the world, people in urban rather than rural areas are more likely to support gender equality. To explain this … women performing socially valued, masculine roles. Such exposure incrementally erodes gender ideologies, catalysing a … positive feedback loop, and increasing flexibility in gender divisions of labour. Women in densely populated areas also tend to …