opportunities for action: transport of or payment for illegal oil could constitute a bribe under the US Foreign Corrupt Practice Act … if government officials were involved in the transaction or shipment. Bribe charges could be raised for paid 'services …

about the effect of the pandemic for longer-term outcomes such as corruption. We look at the historical data on political … and economic crises to assess what we can learn from the long-term effects of past crises on corruption. We hypothesize … corruption. We test our hypotheses using panel data for over 100 countries during the years 1800- 2020. The results suggest …

Official A at almost all individual detection levels. This 'legitimacy' effect may help explain why anti-corruption policies …

analyse how petty corruption erodes tax morale. A mediation analysis shows that petty corruption directly reduces tax morale … severe in countries and regions where fewer people are affected by petty corruption and becomes insignificant if extortion of …

governance that sometimes leads to resources being used for private rather than public benefit. It discusses the corruption that …, not least in improving the information base. Although corruption and theft may never be fully eliminated, they can …