analysis of large-scale violent conflict with other forms of violence, instability, fragility, and humanitarian crises. …

What accounts for armed violence in the aftermath of civil war? Efforts to develop a comprehensive framework to …-war, wartime, and post-war sources of violence in the aftermath of war. This paper focuses on organized political violence after … war and argues that such violence is shaped by a combination of pre-war, wartime, and post-war dynamics. Post-war contexts …

re-ignite violence. We study who perceives gains and losses in political representation in Rwanda and Burundi and why. We …The lack of political representation often lies at the origin of identity-based violence, and, when not resolved, can … both countries, we observe a sharp drop in perceived political representation in the run-up to and during violence, and a …

decades through a controlled comparison of Rwanda and Burundi whose civil wars terminated through military victory and …

This paper challenges the idea that farmers revert to subsistence farming when confronted with violence from civil war …. Using several rounds of (panel) data at the farm and community level, we find that farmers in Burundi who are confronted … with civil war violence in their home communities increase export and cash crop growing activities, invest more in public …

development and provides considerable resources to reduce armed conflicts. However, other forms of violence, such as suicide … time, scholars in the field of public health have been arguing for putting selfdirected and interpersonal violence higher … and recipients have so far neither recognized self-directed nor interpersonal violence as a major development issue …