authoritarianism and the consolidation of a democratic regime. We analyse the impact of repression during the late Francoist regime …

authoritarianism to maintain control, thereby obscuring transparency and accountability in the pandemic. The focus on state capacity …

investments in taxation. In order not to risk being deposed by his or her elite supporters, a ruler needs to guarantee that new … fiscal tools will not be used opportunistically (e.g. for expropriation of the elite). If the elite supporters can …. The empirical implications are straightforward: in places with strong institutional oversight, which allows the elite to …

level, which thus leaves room for elite capture. This paper compares and contrasts two case studies, both of which take … power seriously in their institutional designs. The solar home system in Bangladesh, represents the 'counter-elite' approach … Ghana, in contrast, adopts the 'co-opt-elite' approach and deliberately absorbs local elites into the water committee. This …

determined. Finally, the paper underlines the way in which these features of business and politics strengthen elite families in …

-tropical products' to contribute to the rise and persistence of an elite, and consequently inequality. The focus shifts to the … elite to extend these benefits to products that were typically not associated with elite formation in other societies (such … supplanted by slave labour, an event which institutionalized the elite and ensured that the Cape remained a highly unequal …

An elite derives its status from its relationship to property, whether physical or human capital. While stable property … have a positive impact on economic development when a country's elite can manage them. To support this generalization we … examine the managerial capacity associated with elite status, highlighting which capabilities enable them to control changes …

This paper analyses political elites, economic elites, hybrid elite households and non-elite households in rural China … using household data for 1995 and 2002. We seek to understand the determinants of belonging to each of the three elite … categories. We find that education and military experience positively affect the probability of being a political elite. The …

What makes elites developmental instead of predatory? We argue that Mozambique's elite was developmental at … development in Latin America, or Volkskapitalisme in apartheid South Africa. But Mozambique's elite has also returned to two other … traditions - that development is done by the elite and by foreigners. There is little support for development of local SMEs and …