. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment in off-farm wage …

the initial conditions. We analyse the static nature of vulnerable employment-especially youth unemployment and … for Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. We find growing trends of vulnerable employment, particularly for youth cohorts …

of youth start-ups. Our paper contributes to closing the gap in the entrepreneurship and development literature with a … productive start-ups than subsidies. The case for interventions targeted at youth rises in societies with high costs of youth … unemployment. We test the role of skills and training for productive youth entrepreneurship on data from a recent survey of …

in Sub-Saharan Africa were policies have too often prescribed it as the panacea to addressing youth unemployment. On the … one hand, it seems logical means of addressing youth unemployment and on the other hand, vocationalization has never … proven to be a straightforward solution or remedy to youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has not been able to …

South Africa's Employment Tax Incentive, launched in 2014, aimed to address low youth employment by reducing the cost … effect of the Incentive on youth employment. We match firms claiming the subsidy with similar firms not claiming the subsidy … impact on youth employment on average. We see a positive and statistically significant effect on youth and non-youth …