1970 and 1975. Using the Quarterly Labour Force Survey, we find that the expansion caused men to increase education by … about a year on average and gain about 8% higher wages; women obtained a slightly greater increase in education and a … obtain instrumental variables estimates of returns to schooling of about 6% for both men and women. -- return to education …

Much evidence suggests that having more education leads to higher earnings in the labor market. However, there is … little evidence about whether having more education causes employees to experience lower earnings volatility or shelters them … evidence that education affects earnings volatility of older men. …