We measure the impact of bank capital requirements on corporate borrowing and investment using loanE level data. The Basel II regulatory framework makes capital requirements vary across both banks and across firms, which allows us to control for firmE level credit demand shocks and bankE level...

Banks mustmake forward-looking provisions for loan losses undernewinternational accounting standards introduced in 2018. In Europe, banks will assign performing exposures to a new "Stage 2" category with a higher provisioning penalty, if they have experienced significant increase in credit risk...