example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality – ranging from zero to large … mortality reductions. Using data from 19 compulsory schooling reforms implemented in Europe during the twentieth century, we … quantify the mean mortality effect and explore its dispersion across gender, time and countries. We find that men benefit from …

separately identifying the role of peers. This paper uses data on the population of Norway and idiosyncratic variation in cohort …