In this paper, the authors explore the way(s) that information and communication technologies (ICT) might contribute to effective coordination of lifelong guidance and validation of non-formal and informal learning. Based on 12 national practices, the paper illustrates the potential for...

This report is the third volume of a Cedefop study on developing EU standards for monitoring and evaluating lifelong guidance systems and services, expanding the evidence base on outcomes and impacts of career development support. It aims at generating better understanding of the costs of...

This paper provides new evidence on the wage gap between informal and formal salary workers in South Africa, Brazil and Mexico. We use rich datasets that allow us to define informality in a relatively comparable fashion across countries. We compute precise wage differentials by accounting for...

The informal sector plays an important role in the functioning of labor markets in emerging economies. To characterize better this highly heterogeneous sector, we conduct a distributional analysis of the earnings gap between informal and formal employment in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa,...

Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous...

The goal of our paper is to better understand the economic implications of Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) programs as well as comprehend the underlying reasons for the rapid expansion of the number of TFWs hired by employers under the Canadian program brought to light in 2014. We present an...

We find robust evidence that cohorts of graduates who enter college during worse economic times earn higher average wages than those who enter during better times. This difference is not explained by differences in economic conditions at the time of college graduation, changes in field of study...

Although theory predicts that international trade will decrease the relative demand for skilled workers in relatively skill-deficit countries, in recent decades many developing countries have experienced rising wage premiums for skilled workers. We examines this puzzle by quantifying the...