attainment. Eighty percent of mothers in the complier group found employment within a year, and for many, total income rose … despite reduced transfers. We find precise zero effects on total health expenditures for both mothers and children. However …, composition changes, including fewer family physician visits, indicate that mothers had less time to seek health care. We find …

century to examine effects of early life conditions on later life health. Our main identification is public health …

substantial and heterogeneous employment responses that increased average income despite reduced transfers. We find zero effects … on aggregate health expenditures, but mothers saw reduced preventative care and increased mental health treatment …