presence of inequality, however, it deviates or refracts from the ideal condition. In this paper, I try to measure economic … inequality from the index of refraction. First, I compute such an index for each stratum to evaluate condition in each and then … add all to propose an overall measure of economic inequality, which appears to be a standardised measure of the length of …

the population, and so economic growth. To our knowledge, this is the only possibility for the inequality to be "bought …

reliable prediction of future patterns of violent events. Recent war research focuses on size distributions of violent events …, with size defined by the number of people killed in each event. Event size distributions within previously available … specifics of time and place. These distributions have been well modelled by a narrow range of power laws that are, in turn …