The socioeconomic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt globally and across many sectors and population groups. While the long-term impact of the pandemic on economic growth is yet to be observed and assessed, history may provide some evidence on how public health emergencies have...

We use data from the Irish census and exploit regional and temporal variation in infant mortality rates over the 20th century to examine effects of early life conditions on later life health. Our main identification is public health interventions which eliminated the Irish urban infant mortality...