and COVID-19 in terms of mortality. This essay reviews the mortality due to Ebola and plague and their lethality; the … spatial and socioeconomic dimensions of plague mortality; the role of public action in containing the two diseases; and their …

Using the Irish experience of the Spanish flu, we demonstrate that pandemic mortality statistics are sensitive to the … births, ageing, migration and deaths. We then show how age-at-death statistics in 1918 and 1919 should be reinterpreted in …-19 mortality statistics must go through a similar procedure so policymakers can better target their public health …

example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality – ranging from zero to large … mortality reductions. Using data from 19 compulsory schooling reforms implemented in Europe during the twentieth century, we … quantify the mean mortality effect and explore its dispersion across gender, time and countries. We find that men benefit from …