(competitive balance) and the quality of play. Unlike soccer, where the Champions League is dominated by teams from larger …

. The second involves French rugby and soccer as the French soccer league is generally recognised as having a more even … distribution of revenue and greater competitive balance than other major European soccer leagues. We find short- and long …-run competitive balance is higher in the Premiership, than in the Top 14, while French soccer appears more evenly balanced than rugby …

feature. We develop a version of the model for soccer matches and use these results to explain empirical findings on odds for … over 80,000 European soccer games from two different bookmaking markets. …

Covid-19 pandemic led to European soccer matches being played without spectators. We show that betting markets adjusted … accurate over a large sample of soccer matches subsequently played without spectators even though the earliest games appeared …

We compare the properties of betting market odds set in two distinct markets for a large sample of European soccer …

of competitive balance between leagues based on performances in European competitions. It has been argued that soccer …