We extend the canonical income process with persistent and transitory risk to shock distributions with left …-skewness and excess kurtosis, to which we refer as higher-order risk. We estimate our extended income process by GMM for household …

Using detailed micro-data, this paper documents that households with lower income risk (and higher income levels …) exhibit a higher Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) in response to transitory income shocks, all else being equal. This … designed to account for the empirically observed negative correlation between income levels and income risk. This interaction …