2008Q4-2009Q1 was so severe and synchronized across the world, and also examines the subsequent recovery in global trade …-level can explain a significant proportion of the decline in world imports during the crisis, while declines in the highly …", suggesting that widespread global production chains may have amplified the downturn in world trade and partly explains its high …

We analyze the role of economic and security considerations in bilateral trade agreements. We use the pre-World War I …