heterogeneous beliefs about bank stability that accounts for this evidence. Consumers who are sufficiently pessimistic prefer to … hold cash. In our model, the introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as a store of value that is superior to … cash leads to bank disintermediation as some depositors opt for switching to CBDC based on their beliefs. While CBDC …

explain about two-thirds of the variation of bank capitalization over the business cycle. We estimate that provisioning …

tools, their content and the environment in which they are employed. - Central bank ; financial stability ; communication …

We contribute to the empirical literature on the impact of shocks to bank capital in the euro area by estimating a … economy, namely a demand shock and a shock to bank capital. The main findings of the paper are as follows: i) Impulse …-response analysis shows that in response to a shock to bank capital, banks boost capital ratios by reducing their relative exposure to …

From the onset of the 2007-2009 crisis, the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank have aggressively lowered … has partial control over bank regulation it can exercise regulatory lenience. Two, the Fed's stronger output orientation …