of cointegration. We applied new break tests and tested for nonlinearity in the cointegrating relation with post-war data … for 15 countries. Our empirical results support cointegration, after accounting for breaks, and a linear Fisher relation … in the long run. This is in contrast to several recent studies that found no support for linear cointegration. -- Fisher …

a cointegration vector that links bank-specific lending rates, deposit rates, the 3-month Euribor, and the ECB Deposit …-specific lending rates, potentially affecting cointegration with the 3-month Euribor. Our findings show a significant spread reduction … after the introduction of negative reference rates, primarily driven by changes in the cointegration relationship between …

target inflation rates as low as 2 percent. However, the effects of the constraint are non-linear with respect to the inflation … percent. The variability of output increases significantly and that of inflation also rises somewhat. Also, we show that the … increasingly short of potential with lower inflation targets. …

policy is not constrained by the ZLB. The neutral rate - the level of the policy rate consistent with stable inflation and …