education. The effective tax rate is low in poor countries because tax collection requires human capital, which is scarce … bureaucracy and public education. Consequently, human capital has a weak effect on production, even when human capital is …

This paper assesses the case for promoting financial education in Asia. It argues that the benefits of investing in … financial education can be substantial. Data are limited, but indicate low financial literacy scores for selected Asian … national surveys of financial literacy are needed and that coherent, tailored national strategies for financial education are …

presented. The key finding is that both preservice education and in-service training are positively correlated with labor … productivity. The productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is enhanced by a higher level of skills and education … that competitiveness is enhanced both by raising the general level of education in the workforce and by encouraging …

reside in urban areas and in large cities, and the returns to education are significantly higher in urban areas relative to … returns to education in urban areas are at least comparable to the magnitude of private returns. Rural areas are the major …. Relaxing the hukou restriction, increasing education levels of rural residents, providing training for rural-urban migrants …

Quality education is a key determinant for ASEAN's aspiration to be a single market and production base and to attract … foreign investment. However, the region is characterized by an education divide in terms of quality and output, and this is … likely to increase in the post-COVID-19 period. A simulation, modeling a productivity increase in the education sector …

One of the targets of the Millennium Development Goals−gender parity in all levels of education−is widely considered to … households' education decisions into enrollment, education expenditure, and share of the education expenditure allocated for the … quality of education like private tutoring. We find a strong pro-female bias in school enrollment but pro-male bias in the …

equal distribution of education contributes significantly to reducing income inequality. Educational expansion is a major … stability contribute to reducing income inequality, while public spending on education helps to reduce educational inequality … make both income and education distribution more unequal. Using the calibration of empirical results, we find that we can …