In this paper we analyze the effect of removing village-level primary schools and effectively merging these into larger township-level schools on educational attainment in rural areas of the People's Republic of China (PRC). We employ individual- and village-level information from the China...

We study children's access to remote learning when schools were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic and their parents' perceptions about learning progress in seven Southeast Asian countries. This is the first regional analysis to systematically document students' access to remote learning based...

Governments around the world have introduced a variety of programs aimed at facilitating distance learning in the home setting during school closures due to COVID-19. However, given the cross-country variations in state capacity, these programs differ significantly in terms of design, delivery,...

In Indonesia, COVID-19 pandemic-induced school closures led to a significant loss of learning among students, necessitating remedial learning programs. This study thus aimed to explore whether differentiated remedial teaching can improve the foundational numeracy skills of students and if the...

In this paper, we study the nuanced relationship between drought, academic performance, and the efficacy of preventive measures, focusing on two drought-prone regions from the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka in India. Utilizing an event study framework relying on difference-in-differences...

School closures have a negative impact on children's educational outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Central Asia and the Caucasus introduced online classes and TV programs with a view to preventing learning loss. Based on a household survey in nine countries (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,...

Volcanic eruption is a frequent occurrence in Indonesia, especially on the densely populated Java Island; therefore, policy to improve resilience in children's education is an important avenue. We examine the causal impact of the 2010 Mt. Merapi and 2014 Mt. Kelud eruptions on children's school...