presented. The key finding is that both preservice education and in-service training are positively correlated with labor … productivity. The productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is enhanced by a higher level of skills and education … that competitiveness is enhanced both by raising the general level of education in the workforce and by encouraging …

reside in urban areas and in large cities, and the returns to education are significantly higher in urban areas relative to … returns to education in urban areas are at least comparable to the magnitude of private returns. Rural areas are the major …. Relaxing the hukou restriction, increasing education levels of rural residents, providing training for rural-urban migrants …

-Murphy-Pierce decomposition analyses. On the one hand, over the past few decades, Chinese women have staged a 'quiet revolution' in education and … cognitive abilities, and especially after the large-scale higher education expansion since 1999, women have outperformed men in … older cohorts (the 1960s and 1970s birth cohorts). Despite the advantages in terms of education and cognitive abilities of …

equal distribution of education contributes significantly to reducing income inequality. Educational expansion is a major … stability contribute to reducing income inequality, while public spending on education helps to reduce educational inequality … make both income and education distribution more unequal. Using the calibration of empirical results, we find that we can …