and one plurilateral FTA involving Japan have entered into force; additional negotiations are ongoing with several more … countries. The proliferation of FTAs in Japan and other Asian countries is thought to be behind the perceived overlapping rules …

Japan was hit hard by the global financial crisis even though its relatively resilient financial system initially … real economy. In this environment, Japan was particularly vulnerable because of the structural changes that had taken place … States and Western Europe. The structural changes had two components. First, over 90% of Japan's exports consisted of highly …

First Japan, and more recently the People's Republic of China, have pursued exportoriented growth strategies. While … other Asian countries have done likewise, the cases of Japan and the People's Republic of China are of particular interest …

understand the pattern of trade between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its two largest trading partners, Japan and the …

, including significant flows from Japan and the United States (US). We examine these investment flows in detail to gain … Japan's FDI flows have been much more concentrated in manufacturing, particularly in transport, electrical, and machinery …

Asia is fast becoming the largest recipient of Japan's foreign direct investment (FDI). Within the Asian region, the … Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been the major investment destination of Japan. In the manufacturing sectors …, however, the investment flows from Japan to ASEAN - with Thailand being the largest recipient - has been declining. In …

In this paper we examine the changing nature of Japan's commercial policy over the last 25 years while reviewing Japan …'s changing structure of trade, FDI and economy that underlay policy changes. We argue that until the late 1990s Japan adopted a … Japan-US bilateralism sometimes resulted in "managed trade" and encountered negative perceptions of the US approach in Japan …

-through effects in the case of Japan were mainly attributed to the PRC's policy to peg the yuan to the United States (US) dollar, and … that the dollar is used as a dominant invoicing currency for the PRC's exports to Japan. After controlling the currency …

eventually resolved by a series of policies implemented from that period, together with an export-led economic recovery. Japan … regulatory measures to do so, as was done in Japan in 2002. Economic stagnation can cause new nonperforming loans to emerge …