countries. France, Germany, and Italy have large pay-as-you-go pension systems and vulnerable labor markets. At the same time …

service. Three empirical findings emerge: First, the overall employment size of women-owned businesses shrank more than men …-owned businesses after the pandemic outbreak; second, women were more likely than men to cut personal expenditures and use government … service areas of both incumbents and entrants shrinking over time. These results have implications for policies on women …

services for women, particularly rural women. The launch of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in 2014 resulted in the … opening of 420 million bank accounts, of which 53.26% belonged to women, though surveys have suggested that almost 55% of … women remained registered inactive users. The World Banksupported rural livelihood programs in India have been instrumental …

marketplaces. Married women, who typically reduce the time they allocate to work due to their responsibility to take care of their … women who are the owners or managers of MSEs and also the probability of working for them. We employ IV estimates, and use … working hours of married women. In addition, we find that married women in urban areas increase their working hours when they …

Income-generating activities performed by women are an effective way to reduce gender deprivations and disparities. In … for women to carry out economic activities. In this context, certain important initiatives taken by the government of … women-run businesses use the online platform and what determines their success, inputs, capabilities, and conversion factors …