In recent years there has been an increasing move towards allowing for impacts beyond the direct user benefits and costs in the appraisal of transport investments. Much of the interest to date has been in justifying the inclusion of such wider impacts as a genuine net addition to a cost-benefit...

In this paper, we review the theoretical and empirical literature on measuring the top management quality of firms, and its relation to various aspects of corporate financial policies and corporate innovation, and draw policy implications for enhancing corporate innovation. First, we discuss how...

Despite garnering world-wide appreciation for her contribution to information technology services, India has to contend with serious issues relating to the digital divide. Beginning with a study of the various dimensions relating to the digital divide conceptually, the role of government...

The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and implementation of the Paris Agreement will require significant new investment. New financial technologies ("fintech") offer the potential to unlock green finance technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things and big data,...

The development of digital technology provides opportunities for every country to increase its economic growth. Digital technologies are changing the workplace, providing a significant opportunity for nations and companies to boost productivity, efficiency, and growth. The speed of digital...

The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for the middle-income trap (MIT). Firstly, we present an extensive literature review of what the MIT concept is, why economies become 'stuck' in the MIT, and how the idea is criticized. Secondly, we put together a list of countries stuck...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technological leap-frogging greatly enhances energy accessibility, yet energy affordability remains a critical challenge. Traditional financing options, categorized as the solar-as-asset model, usually favor utility-scale PV projects, whereas the investment growth in...

The finance sector has a key role to play in allowing agriculture to contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. A rapidly evolving technological landscape is opening up new possibilities to target and price credit, to share risk, and to harness information technology to expand...

This paper discusses the financial landscape of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a region engaged in building an economic community (a "single market and production base") by 2015. In particular, it reviews where ASEAN's financial markets and institutions now stand and...

This paper seeks to add to the current debate about financial development and growth in the emerging world by looking at how different financial systems evolve: how and why financial structures change during various stages of development, how best to measure them, and seeing what practical...