The fallout of nitrogen pollution is considered one of the largest global externalities facing the world, impacting air …, Vietnam, and 33 African countries to analyze the causal links between pollution exposure experienced during the very earliest … stages of life and later-life health. The results show that pollution exposure experienced in the critical years of …

deforestation, pollution, and carbon intensities. Per capita emissions follow a 'J'-curve. Specifically, poverty reduction occurs …

is used to study a spatial time series of pollution and household expenditure data in Indonesia. The analysis finds that … fewer parameters. The results suggest that growth in household expenditures precedes pollution reduction, particularly after … the expenditures of poorer households increase; that increasing pollution is followed by reduced growth in expenditures …