retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains …

forwarders and express carriers, the LPI is a benchmarking tool developed by the World Bank that measures performance along the … logistics performance. The World Bank conducts the survey every two years. The 2010 LPI also provides a snapshot of selected …

predictability and reliability of supply chains is increasingly important in a world of just-in-time production sharing. Costs …

contributions to global trade growth have come from East Asian countries in the developing world and the Euro area in the developed … world. Merchandise trade, which in recent years has been less resilient than services trade, picked up, growing by 4 …

stability is necessary for trade growth. He concluded by saying that a prosperous world would be possible only if there was a …

. Trade policy developments are mixed. Restrictive trade measures imposed during 2018 affected 3.8 percent of world …-for-tat tariffs between the United States and China alone affected 2.0 percent of world merchandise trade in 2018. Ongoing trade … a multilateral approach and World Trade Organization reforms …