An earlier paper titled "Non-linear effects of tax changes on output: The role of the initial level of taxation," estimated tax multipliers using (i) a novel dataset on value-added taxes for 51 countries (21 industrial and 30 developing) for the period 1970-2014, and (ii) the so-called narrative...

While significant progress has been made in international tax cooperation, the interests of developing economies require greater priority and attention. This paper considers policy options that are currently under consideration in different international fora, drawing on the WBG's work in...

Rapid urbanization in India means cities face a tremendous challenge to finance and deliver theincreasing demand for basic municipal services. When compared to peers in the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development (OECD), India performs poorly in generating revenues fromthe urban...

Evidence from across the world shows that raising taxes sharply on tobacco products, and then adjusting for inflation and increased affordability due to growing incomes, is the single most cost-effective measure to reduce tobacco consumption. A scaled-up and stronger tobacco control effort is...

This paper analyzes the effects of the 2014-15 Chilean tax reform on firms' incentives to retain earnings and finance their operations with equity versus debt. The analysis comprises a comparison with the situation of the pre-reform period, and draws some conclusions about firms' valuation. The...

This report summarizes the results of the PSIA and explains the three analyses used to determine the impact of the tax reform. The first analysis integrates data from administrative tax records with household statistics from the Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) conducted by the...

This paper assesses the impact of fiscal policy on the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty, and examines whether there is room for an increased role for fiscal policy in improving the wellbeing of the poor. The results show that the combined effect of taxes and social spending helped...

Fiscal policy is central to not only macroeconomic stability and growth, but also to poverty and inequality reduction. This paper provides the most comprehensive assessment of the distributional incidence of Turkey's fiscal policy to date. It analyzes the combined and individual incidence of...

This study looks at the redistributive effects of fiscal policy - in particular of direct taxation and expenditures - in Uruguay. This fiscal incidence analysis applies a widely recognized methodology to household survey data and government data for fiscal year 2017 and compares the results with...

The adoption of the value-added tax the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2012 led to price increases that are thought to adversely affect the welfare of most Congolese households. To date, research has not yet examined the poverty and distributional impacts of this tax reform. Using data from the...