driving the time use decisions and restrictions faced by Mexican youth. The results of the analysis imply that: (i) once youth …" (Nini) is a highly persistent condition; and (iii) marriage (perhaps motivated by teen pregnancy) increases the probability …

This paper examines the relationship between maternal exposure to violence during pregnancy and newborn birthweight … Colombian municipalities. Exposure to violence in early pregnancy had a large negative impact on birthweight, primarily for boys … gestation. Furthermore, their mothers were more likely to engage in potentially harmful behaviors during the pregnancy. This …