performers who show high test scores; education and ability augment gains from accumulating labor market experiences …

This paper documents stylized facts on rates of returns to education during economic crises. It shows from three middle …-income countries - Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa - that the rate of return to university education (versus secondary education … graduates may increase by at least one-quarter to one-third during the COVID-19 pandemic …

other formal sector workers with comparable levels of education and experience. However, in all of those countries, teachers …

This study seeks to examine gender gaps and disability issues in education in Indonesia, and to suggest policy actions … progress on gender parity in education; however, the national averages mask important variations at the subnational level … challenges and offers policy recommendations to ensure inclusivity in education for children with disabilities …

increase their productivity ("better employment"). The UHCIs generalize the growth-based interpretation of the HCI: the inverse … employment rates …

to household well-being, prices, employment, and wages. All studies can be classified as ex post quasi … nonsignificant, and 6 to 20 percent show a decrease in household well-being. The analyses on employment and wages show positive and … significant results for 22 to 25 percent of the results. Negative results on employment and wages relate to young and informal …

Using firm-level data for Georgia, the paper estimates the quasi-elasticity of employment and wages with respect to the … employment levels and average wages by gender and consider whether export destination or the competiveness of economies matters … improves female employment but reduces overall average wages and female wages. Increasing exports to the European Union as well …

Since the 1990s, India has seen robust economic growth, rising wages, steady fertility decline, increased urbanization … transitions, urban women's employment has refused to budge, never crossing the 25 percent mark. This paper fills a critical gap in … policy research on women's employment in India. The discussion is situated in the normative construction of motherhood and …

of labor market outcomes in Peru. In particular, cognitive skills positively correlate with wages and the probability of … openness to experience and emotional stability-is only correlated with employment, and only when using the structural latent …

workforce, not enough jobs are being created for those with primary and secondary education. This economic update offers five … policy recommendations to enhance urban labor markets: encourage firm creation and firm growth that creates jobs for non-graduates … to increase their productivity and for those with higher levels of education to increase their skill base; introduce …