This report synthesizes the findings for the energy sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon study, which was … undertaken by the World Bank in its initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global … abating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil in the energy area and to assess the relative costs of doing so for the time …

," estimated tax multipliers using (i) a novel dataset on value-added taxes for 51 countries (21 industrial and 30 developing) for …

-region transfer multipliers are not large, suggesting only modest gains in regional stabilization from US federal automatic …

The fiscal position can affect fiscal multipliers through two channels. Through the Ricardian channel, households … multipliers tend to be smaller when fiscal positions are weak than strong …

estimate functional multipliers conditional on absorptive capacity.The estimated functional multipliers vary from -1.11 for … multipliers are precisely estimated and of the same order of magnitude (though slightly larger) than the GMM-IV estimates. To … obtain multipliers for individual countries (and not averages) I use a Bayesian iterative shrinkage estimators. The shrinkage …