What effect does democratization have on meritocratic practices in the civil service? Democratization increases … servants' performance-enhancing characteristics, democratization increases discrimination. The author test this argument using … servants. The author exploits the exogenous timing of Indonesia's democratization in 1999, paired with an individual …

pressures from civil society leaders can reform local governance in a context where neither of these mechanisms operates …, one in which only village heads were trained on the framework governing village leadership, and one in which civil society … leaders were trained alongside village heads. The results suggest that horizontal pressure from civil society leaders …