Directive and forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation; international negotiation of trade disciplines, most recently in … regulators, most significantly in the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Agreement. The paper argues that unilateral restrictions on data … flows are costly and can hurt exports, especially of data-processing and other data-based services; international trade …

of trade, project benefits may be summarized by a money metric for the change in market access experienced by all cities … international trade corridors can be a public good. These estimates should be taken as lower bounds, because they do not include …

information and communications technology, manufacturing, and retail trade. The analysis finds that the mobility restrictions …

agricultural production and trade. It then summarizes the nominal rates of assistance and consumer tax equivalents for twelve key … the viewpoint of global trade or welfare restrictiveness. This analysis draws on the theory outlined in the previous …

international trade as well as trade and immigration policy. An aging society can see a welfare-reducing reduction in its share of … manufacturing output and this reduction is magnified by a decrease in trade costs (an increase in globalization). Immigration can …

Small-scale cross-border trade provides opportunities for economic gains in many developing countries. Yet cross …-seeking from border officials. These results highlight the need to improve governance and establish clear cross-border trade …