This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and returns on investments of HIV prevention programs implemented … during 2006-2010 and to identify the optimal allocation of resources across combinations of programs for an effective HIV … allocations for reducing new infections over the next HIV budget period …

Financial incentives are a promising HIV prevention strategy. This paper assesses the effect on HIV incidence of a … for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years … linking sexual behavior to HIV incidence and finds that risk-loving individuals reduce the number of unprotected sexual acts …

information and changing attitudes and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Using a simple model, the paper shows that "edutainment" can … finds significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes toward HIV and risky sexual behavior. Treated subjects are twice … as likely to get tested for HIV eight months after the intervention. The study also finds reductions in sexually …

resources. Over 70 percent of adolescents have given birth by 18 years of age. Although knowledge about modern contraception is … high (73 percent among female adolescents 15-19 years of age), the majority of adolescent girls do not use contraception …

mechanisms finds a narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments in children, moderation of son-biased fertility stopping, and … shrinking of the gap between actual and desired fertility. Heterogeneity in fertility responses suggests a shift in the …

This study exploits a natural experiment to investigate the impact of land reform on the fertility outcomes of … pronatal property rights on fertility outcomes. By matching aggregated census data before and after the reform with … impact of the reform on fertility outcomes. The impact appears to be large. The study estimates that women in rural areas …

. Although fertility has risen since the 2007 introduction of the family policy package, which focused on stimulating second and … higher-order births, total fertility rates still remain significantly below replacement rate. Unlike some Western European … countries, low overall fertility in Russia can be explained predominantly by a high prevalence of one-child families, despite …

Previous research on sex-selective abortions has ignored the interactions between fertility, birth spacing, and sex … selection, despite both fertility and birth spacing being important considerations for parents when deciding on the use of sex … selection. This paper presents a novel approach that jointly estimates the determinants of sex-selective abortions, fertility …

providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first … and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children … for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting …