, competition policy, public support to innovation, fiscal and regulatory incentives for innovation, macroeconomic frameworks …

Although there is wide recognition of the negative consequences of policy volatility for countries' long-term economic … growth, there is limited empirical work on this subject. One of the reasons is the difficulty of measuring policy volatility … proxy for policy volatility that exploits the information content of the priorities conveyed in presidential speeches. The …

on establishments' political connections, their innovation activities, and their access to policy privileges. The … due to the generous policy privileges they receive, including exclusive access to input subsidies, public procurement …-rival their competitors by lobbying for privileges instead of innovating. In the aggregate, these policy privileges reduce Egypt …

Infrastructure Prioritization Framework is structured to accommodate multiple policy objectives, attend to social and environmental …

of low oil prices. Pakistan, while not growing as quickly as its neighbors, has continued its steady growth recovery in H ….1 percent fall in the import bill and reducing inflation significantly, in turn creating scope to reduce the policy rate …. Private sector consumption, propelled by higher remittances and a loosened monetary policy, is expected to account for over …

Pakistan is facing yet another balance of payment crisis. Authorities have taken some corrective measures and … the government tightens fiscal and monetary policy. This report highlights the importance of tackling the structural …

momentum for improving policy frameworks, institutions, and business climates seems to have slackened. The experience of the … 2009 global recession highlights once again the critical role of policy room in shielding economic activity during adverse … shocks. The subsequent decade of anemic growth underlines the need for sound policy frameworks, institutions, and business …