consumer support estimates in fact captures price gaps as market transfers to producers or consumers. Differences in subsidy … valuation arise from assumptions made to compensate for missing data and the scope of subsidy measurement. Having a common … countries and sectors, benchmarking pricing, and assessing subsidy policies. Subsidy measurement should not be viewed as a one …

This book is the first stocktaking of what the decarbonization of the world economy means for fossil fuel+ "dependent … and Cooperation in a Decarbonizing World identifies multiple strategies that fossil fuel+ "dependent countries can pursue …

This book proposes a simple framework for understanding the political economy of subsidy reform and applies it to four …-income consumers. However, as they grow in size and political power, they become entrenched. Second, subsidy reform strategies vary … political capacities to implement difficult energy subsidy reforms. Fourth, improvements in social protection systems are often …

electric vehicle market in China, by far the largest one in the world. The analysis is based on the most comprehensive data on …

to help poor farmers. This analysis of Malawi's huge Farmer Input Subsidy Program highlights a tension between these two …

Population Census 2014. Second, the impact of the subsidy reforms is estimated by applying the price changes due to the reform to …