This paper develops and estimates a dynamic model of individuals' and couples' labor supply, savings, and retirement … decisions to analyze how the design of a privatized pension system affects gender pension gaps. Chile has one of the longest … countries and was reformed in 2008 to alleviate old- age poverty and reduce gender pension gaps. The paper estimates the dynamic …

between the mid-1990s and the mid-2010s, the effective retirement age rose rapidly in the Central and Eastern European region …. This increase was fast enough to keep life expectancies at the effective retirement age practically unchanged. In effect … maintaining the current life expectancies at retirement over the next thirty years requires less effort in terms of further …

for about 11 percent of firms and are more prevalent in countries with better rule of law, gender equality, and stronger … related to gender equality, it is smaller where there isless emphasis on personal networks (better rule of law, lower trade …

procedures, tariffs, and rights to small-scale traders to facilitate border crossings, lower corruption, and reduce gender … gender-based violence by 5.4 percentage points (30.5 percentage points among compliers). The paper assesses competing …