The coverage of pension systems in the Africa region is limited to the small segment of the population in the formal … informal sector. As a result, a large share of the region's adult population has no access to contributory pension schemes …

both the formal and informal sectors; and where workers value mandated benefits highly, so that there is an increase in the … decrease in labor supply to the informal sector …

New representative survey data for Harare, Zimbabwe are used to analyze the conditions under which informal businesses … find that informal businesses operating out of necessity are likelier to have a bribe demanded of them. Robustness checks … instrumental variable of whether an informal business owner started in the area of activity before the country's 2009 dollarization …

informal firms as part of the World Bank's enterprise survey initiative for Kenya. The purpose of the note is to assess the … main constraints facing informal firms, identify patterns of productivity and firm dynamics, and better understand drivers … for formalization. Section one provides an overview of key characteristics and main investment climate constraints facing …

potential for formalization. In terms of dynamics, new firms tend to be informal and informal firms are more likely to exit … the smallest firms, to bear. Thus, informal firms may not be able to survive the transition to formality and attempts to … currently informal firms to formalize in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The paper compares the characteristics and dynamics of …

informal sector produces about 35 percent of gross domestic product and employs 70 percent of the labor force. This paper …, capital, and productivity growth. The paper models the behavior of the informal sector based on the following fundamental … asymmetry: formal firms confront higher labor costs while informal firms face higher capital costs and lower productivity. Using …

informal sector is unregulated and thus not directly affected by these labor policies. However, the model takes into … employment in the informal sector, as well as the size and composition of unemployment and self-employment. The results indicate … formalization in Morocco, especially for youth and women …