This paper assesses two research questions: has the presence of foreign firms contributed to productivity increases in … Turkey, and how could Turkey increase foreign direct investment inflows? First, the analysis applies dynamic regressions in … foreign direct investment will see an increase in productivity after the fourth year. The paper finds evidence of negative but …

of foreign orientation. Regions with the highest foreign orientation-exports of goods per capita or inbound foreign … direct investment per capita-almost across the board have the highest standard of living; and those with the lowest foreign … foreign direct investment, or both; middle-range regions with relatively higher incomes often have high per capita non …