. Further, there is now a consensus on adopting more ambitious goals on poverty reduction. Defining social protection as a … collection of programs that address risk, vulnerability, inequality and poverty through a system of transfers in cash or in kind …: Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) data set. Focusing on the goal of ending poverty, the paper estimates that social …

Should public investment be targeted to big cities or to small towns, if the objective is to minimize national poverty … income, migration cost and poverty line conditions under which a poverty gradient from rural to town to city will exist as an …

appreciating the role of secondary towns in rural-urban migration and poverty reduction. Secondary towns occupy a unique middle …. Secondary towns therefore have great potential as vehicles for inclusive growth and poverty reduction in urbanizing developing …

towns from big cities will improve poverty reduction performance. Of course the hypothesis raises many questions. What … versus cities to poverty reduction? What are the economic mechanisms for such a differential contribution and how does policy … on poverty are quite complex even in simple settings, and the question of secondary towns and poverty reduction is an …

urbanization may well bear on the speed of poverty reduction. This paper reviews the latter question within the context of Tanzania …. It starts from the observation that migration to towns contributed much more to poverty reduction than migration to … access off-farm employment and exit poverty because they are more nearby. It concludes with a call for greater consideration …