This report reviews the literature on the links between energy access, welfare, and gender in order to provide evidence … on where gender considerations in the energy sector matter and how they might be addressed. Prepared as a background … document for the 2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, and part of the Social Development …

A void in the literature on the business environment is how it evolves over time. Focusing on China during its crucial … better educated, with more diverse sectoral experience. Market competition increased over time, especially after China …

The enterprise reforms of the 1990s profoundly changed the structure of the economy in China. With the deepening of … the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 1998-2007 to examine the role of different firm characteristics in … volatility at the firm level in China. The results suggest that in general, productivity volatility at the firm level has …

requirements in China. This paper finds that Chinese cities whose top officials were older than age 58 were 20 percent less likely …-varying selectivity of privatizations and highlight the crucial role that state-owned enterprise privatizations played in China's economic …

, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan and the Philippines, to highlight key aspects of their characteristics and experience of … example, measured management practices differ widely across local governments of a single state in Nigeria. Surveys of civil …

in Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka. This paper shows that variation in business practices …