comprehensive database of PTAs in force and a detailed matrix of world trade. He shows that total trade between PTA partners is a … to one-third of global trade in 2000-02, the latter was between one-sixth and one-tenth of world trade. His gravity model …

The world economy has experienced four global recessions over the past seven decades: in 1975, 1982, 1991, and 2009 … internationally, with severe economic and financial disruptions in many countries around the world. The 2009 global recession, set off …

sizes around the world. The case of pallets is examined to illustrate the impact of multiplicity of standards on trade costs …. We select this case because pallets are used all around the world, pallet standards are not too sophisticated, and data … because of the lack of rental and exchange pallet markets. To mitigate the costs of this multiplicity of standards, the World …

the world urgently need to see the big picture if they are to deal with the specific challenges and opportunities they …

commodities and differentiated products. This methodology is applied to six developing countries, one from each World Bank region …

playing field' would be ineffective and result in destructive conflicts in the World Trade Organization. Lack of progress at …