Although Africa has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, we know little about the process of urbanization … severely restricted in their choice of location and many were forced to live in homelands. Following the abolition of apartheid … they were free to migrate. Given a migration cost in distance, a town nearer to the homelands will receive a larger inflow …

Many cities in developing economies, particularly in Africa, are experiencing urbanization without industrialization …

of economic development is strongly positively correlated with its level of urbanization; and (b) a country's level of … urbanization is strongly negatively correlated with the size of its agricultural sector. However, countries in the Latin America …, Caribbean countries appear significantly less urbanized. However, analyses involving cross-country comparisons of urbanization …

services as a driver of urbanization and structural transformation is still not well understood. Using establishment level data …

continuous urbanization accompanied by a gradual phasing-in of urban land property rights over time. Today, however, the evidence … in many fast urbanizing low-income countries points towards a different trend of ?urbanization without formalization … dynamics of land property rights and urbanization. The calibrated baseline model describes a city that first grows informally …