deforestation, pollution, and carbon intensities. Per capita emissions follow a $J$-curve. Specifically, poverty reduction occurs …

with congestion and pollution, as well as the impact of underpriced energy for depletion of scarce water resources … external costs of energy subsidies, as manifested in congestion and pollution. The estimates using simulations indicate that …

This paper contributes to the debate on the existence of pollution haven effects by systematically measuring the … pollution content of trade (measured by the pollution content of imports, PCI) and decomposing it into three components - a deep … pollution haven effect which increases the PCI of the North because of stricter environmental regulations in the North. At the …

This paper contributes to the debate on the existence of pollution haven effects by systematically measuring the … pollution content of trade (measured by the polluction content of imports (PCI)) and decomposing it into three components: a … presented for 3 of the 10 pollutants in the data set indicate a significant pollution haven effect and highlight the role of …

outcomes. The paper argues that the development marketplace is beset by market imperfections because of externalities …