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Unexpected adverse events that affect areas or populations widely (covariate shocks) can have major consequences for the welfare of a society. Although the negative effects on households, especially among the poor, are well established in the economics literature, fewer studies have focused on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012831773
of family background on children?s education in villages, with a focus on the role of nonfarm occupations. The analysis … across farm-nonfarm occupations. Having nonfarm parents, in general, has positive effects, but children of low educated non …-farmer parents (with higher income) do not enjoy any advantages over the children of more educated farmer parents. Estimates of cross …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012970763
finds that children born into consanguineous marriages have lower test scores, lower height-for-age, and a higher likelihood …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012954326
When social security is established to provide pensions to parents, their reliance upon children for future financial … social security on education investments in children. In a difference-in-differences framework, a significant increase in the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012970765
Since the introduction of the KiwiSaver scheme in New Zealand in 2006, several countries have implemented, or are in the process of implementing, voluntary funded pension systems with automatic enrollment features. Since most of the literature has focused on countries with the common law...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012892745
After the financial crisis, some Central and Eastern Europe countries partially or totally reversed the pension reforms they had initiated in the previous two decades. In the presence of an aging population in the region, reductions in replacement rates will be the most likely adjustment...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012966003
A long literature in demography debates the importance of place for health. This paper assesses whether the importance of dense settlement for child mortality and child height is moderated by exposure to local sanitation behavior. Is open defecation, without a toilet or latrine, worse for infant...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012972442
factors and the absorption of nutrients for children's physical growth and morbidity have not been adequately integrated into … reflected in the intake of nutrients such as protein, calcium, and iron for children's physical growth. Vitamins A and C are … important for reducing morbidity. Children's growth and morbidity affect their cognitive development, which is critical for the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012972601
in average height across developing countries are not well explained by differences in wealth. In particular, children in … India are shorter, on average, than children in Africa who are poorer, on average, a paradox called "the Asian enigma" which …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012974634
Longitudinal patterns of child development and socioeconomic status are described for a cohort of children in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012962316