This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the …

transactions take place. The authors find that globalization via the diversification channel expanded throughout the world during …Financial globalization has gathered attention since the early 1990s because of its macro-financial implications and … growing importance. But financial globalization has taken shape via different forms over time. This paper examines two …

Financial globalization, defined as global linkages through cross-border financial flows, has become increasingly … relevant for emerging markets as they integrate financially with the rest of the world. This paper argues that, because of the … way it is often measured, it has also led to the misperception that financial globalization in emerging markets has been …

(the VIX, the U.S. real interest rate and real exchange rate, U.S. GDP growth, and world commodity prices) that explain … common factors exhibits a "globalization" stage up to 2007, during which they acquire growing importance, followed by a phase …

The world economy has experienced four global recessions over the past seven decades: in 1975, 1982, 1991, and 2009 … internationally, with severe economic and financial disruptions in many countries around the world. The 2009 global recession, set off …

This paper computes a new financial globalization index for a large sample of countries for 1992-2016. Unlike other … measures, the financial globalization index corrects for the heteroscedasticity of global volatility. This leads to a downward … adjustment of financial globalization trends for developed, emerging, and frontier markets. The paper also shows that financial …

. This is achieved using firm-level data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering more than 16,000 manufacturing firms in …